Salvia rosmarinus, previously known as Rosmarinus officinalis, has intense pleasant smell reminiscent of pine wood. S. rosmarinus has been widely used in traditional medicines and has long been known as the herb of remembrance. However, few studies have investigated the effects of non-volatile components of rosemary on central nervous system function. In this study, Bio-assay guided fractionation of the butanolic extract of S. rosmarinus led to the isolation of two compounds hesperidin and nepitrin. Hesperidin and nepitrin were evaluated on recombinant α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Hesperidin and nepitrin were found to be flumazenil insensitive negative allosteric modulators of high concentrations of GABA at a1b2g2L GABAA receptors. Hesperidin and nepitrin allosterically inhibit the response of GABA at a1b2g2L GABA receptors via a site other than the high-affinity benzodiazepine biding site.
Author(s) Details:
Areej M. Al-Ghoul
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Jordan.
Abeer R. Abdelhalim
Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Almadina Almonawara, Saudi Arabia.
Recent Global Research Developments in Impact of Hesperidin and Nepitrin on GABAA Receptor Responses
Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside found in citrus fruits, has garnered attention due to its potential neuroprotective properties. Here’s what recent research has revealed:
Neuroprotection Mechanisms:
Hesperidin has been studied extensively in cellular and animal models specific to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and multiple sclerosis.
Its neuroprotective potential is attributed to several mechanisms:
Enhancement of Neural Growth Factors: Hesperidin improves neural growth factors, supporting neuronal health.
Antioxidant Defense: It enhances endogenous antioxidant defense functions, reducing oxidative stress.
Anti-Inflammatory Action: Hesperidin diminishes neuro-inflammatory pathways.
Apoptosis Regulation: It modulates apoptotic pathways, promoting cell survival [1].
Clinical Evidence:
Clinical trials have also demonstrated the therapeutic effects of hesperidin in various diseases, including neurological conditions.
However, more research is needed to fully understand its definitive impact on humans [2].
References
- Hajialyani M, Hosein Farzaei M, Echeverría J, Nabavi SM, Uriarte E, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Hesperidin as a Neuroprotective Agent: A Review of Animal and Clinical Evidence. Molecules. 2019; 24(3):648. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030648
- Ji, Z., Deng, W., Chen, D., Liu, Z., Shen, Y., Dai, J., … & Dai, B. (2024). Recent understanding of the mechanisms of the biological activities of hesperidin and hesperetin and their therapeutic effects on diseases. Heliyon.
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