Heat stress is a common problem for dairy cattle in tropical and subtropical regions. However, over the last decade, there have been instances of heat stress in European countries and the United States, affecting both humans and cattle. While dairy farmers in tropical and subtropical regions may be more accustomed to handling such problems, it is unclear whether European and American farmers, or their veterinary practitioners, are adequately prepared to diagnose and deal with heat stress. This lack of preparedness may result in negative consequences for dairy cattle, particularly in areas such as metabolism, production, reproduction, and health. High-yielding cows are especially vulnerable due to the increased level of their metabolism. This chapter discusses the occurrence of heat stress, its signs and diagnosis, and practical management measures to control and prevent heat stress. These measures can be broadly categorized into general measures, such as adopting a Good Heat Stress Management code of practice, and farm-specific measures, such as applying appropriate cooling and cooling cycles. Veterinary practitioners can play a significant role in coaching farmers to understand heat stress and implement preventive measures. Finally, the most effective solution to repeated heat stress problems on dairy farms is to apply tailor-made, individual farm approaches, including appropriate cooling cycles and necessary equipment.
Author(s) Details:
Jos Noordhuizen,
Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga NSW, Australia and Utrecht UIniversity, Wageningen Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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