Urinary Tract Infections are Diseases of the Urinary Tract Caused by Microorganisms : A Part from the Book Chapter : Evaluation of Uropathogenic Infections and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles of Bacteria in Patients at the CHU Ignace Deen National Hospital, Conakry (Republic of Guinea)

Urinary tract infections are diseases of the urinary tract caused by microorganisms. These infections can affect all parts of the urinary system (kidneys, ureter and bladder). They are much more common in women than in men and can affect young children. Urinary tract infections are the most common outpatient infections, with a lifetime incidence of 50−60% in adult women. Women are much more prone to Urinary tract infections than men, mainly due to the female lower urinary tract anatomy and its proximity to the reproductive organs. These conditions are most often manifested by a burning sensation during urination, lower abdominal pain, leucorrhea. Bacteria are the microorganisms most frequently associated with these infections. The majority of bacteria involved in bacterial infections belong to the Enterobacteriaceae family. Antibiotics are the molecules used in the treatment of bacterial infections. Some of these molecules are active in these bacterial germs, others on the other hand use different mechanisms for antibiotics. Among other mechanisms used by bacteria is the production of plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). These enzymes are the major cause of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and have been the subject of extensive microbiological, biochemical, and genetic investigations.

Author(s) Details:

Taliby Dos Camara
Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry BP: 1147, Republic of Guinea.

Abdoulaye Makanera
Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry BP: 1147, Republic of Guinea and Biomedical Laboratory of the China-Guinea Friendship Hospital, Kipé, Cité des Médecins, Commune Ratoma 30 BP: 710 Conakry, Republic of Guinea.

Mounaida Rachid
Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry BP: 1147, Republic of Guinea and National Reference Laboratory for Mycobacteria at the CHU Ignace Deen in Conakry, Republic of Guinea.

Mory Camara
Biomedical Laboratory of the China-Guinea Friendship Hospital, Kipé, Cité des Médecins, Commune Ratoma 30 BP: 710 Conakry, Republic of Guinea.

Also See : Panjang Island is a Small Uninhabited Island Close to the city of Jepara : A Part from the Book Chapter : Assessing Planulae Recruitment in Degraded Coastal Coral of Panjang Island Jepara, Central Java-Indonesia

Recent Global Research Developments in The Role of Uropathogenic Bacteria in Urinary Tract Infections: An Updated Analysis

Virulence Factors and Antimicrobial Resistance: A systematic review and meta-analysis highlighted the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from UTIs. The study found high resistance rates to antibiotics like tetracycline, sulphonamides, and quinolones, emphasizing the need for reassessment of empirical therapies [1] .

Prevention Strategies: Research published in PLOS Pathogens discussed the prevention of UTIs in the context of increasing antibiotic resistance. The study emphasized the importance of preventive measures, especially for recurrent UTIs, which are common among women [2] .

Role of Gram-Negative Bacteria: A review focused on the global burden of UTIs, diagnostic aspects, etiological agents, and the emergence of multidrug resistance in urinary pathogens, particularly among Gram-negative bacteria [3] .

Persister Cells in UTIs: Recent studies have explored the role of persister cells in the pathogenesis of UTIs. These cells contribute to antibiotic resistance and pose challenges for treatment, highlighting the need for new strategies to target them [3] .

UPEC Infections: A comprehensive review on UPEC infections covered the pathogenicity, host responses, current treatments, and the emergence of resistant strains. It also discussed innovative approaches like vaccines and natural antimicrobial compounds to prevent UTIs [5] .

References

1. Bunduki, G.K., Heinz, E., Phiri, V.S. et al. Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolated from urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 21, 753 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06435-7
2. Burrows LL (2024) It’s uncomplicated: Prevention of urinary tract infections in an era of increasing antibiotic resistance. PLoS Pathog 20(2): e1011930. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011930
3. Behzadi, P., Urbán, E., Matuz, M., Benkő, R., Gajdács, M. (2020). The Role of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Urinary Tract Infections: Current Concepts and Therapeutic Options. In: Donelli, G. (eds) Advances in Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Public Health. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1323. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2020_566
4. Durrani, B., Mohammad, A., Ljubetic, B.M. et al. The Potential Role of Persister Cells in Urinary Tract Infections. Curr Urol Rep 24, 541–551 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-023-01182-5
5. Terlizzi ME, Gribaudo G and Maffei ME (2017) UroPathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Infections: Virulence Factors, Bladder Responses, Antibiotic, and Non-antibiotic Antimicrobial Strategies. Front. Microbiol. 8:1566. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01566

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